Permanent waving apparatus



April 27, 1937. M. BURTON PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 10, 1955 I @IVENTOR 2 ATTORNE Patented Apr. 27, 1937 PATENT OFFICE 2,078,559 PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Milton Burton, New York, N. Y., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Eugene, Ltd., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application October 10, 1933, Serial No. 692,962

3 Claims.

The present invention relates to permanent waving, and more particularly to novel and useful improvements in the electrolytic process of permanent waving.

Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part hereinafter and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims.

The invention consists in the novel parts, construction, arrangements, combinations and improvements herein shown and described.

The accompanying drawing, referred to herein and constituting a part hereof, illustrates one embodiment of the invention, an-d'together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

Of the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an electrolytic heating pad in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic side elevation, partly in section, showing the illustrative embodiment of the invention in use.

This invention has for its object the provision of a novel and improved permanent waving heater particularly adapted for use with white, gray and other light hair, although equally well adapted for general use. Another object is the provision of such a heater having at least one electrade of a polarizable metal which may be of low specific gravity.

Preferably and as embodied, the heating pads comprise an inner perforate electrode of a polarizable metal such as aluminum, an outer electrode of non-polarizable metal, such as lead, and a layer of absorbent electrolyte carrier positioned between and in electrical contact with said electrodes. This carrier is moistened with a lotion comprising an aqueous solution of a vola- 45 tile alkali, such as ammonia, and a negative ion which attacks the inner electrode to render it non-polarizing, also forming a somewhat insoluble compound with any of the metal of the outer electrode which may be dissolved by the lotion 50 during heating, this insoluble compound being preferably white or of a very light color.

It will be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description as well are exemplary and explanatory of the invention but are not restrictive thereof.

In certain respects. the present invention is an improvement on the invention disclosed in the patent to Durham and. Finnegan No. 1,926,987 of September 12, 1933, but it is not limited 60 thereto.

Referring now in detail to the present embodiment of the invention as shown in the drawing, the electrolytic heating pad comprises:

An inner electrode 2, to be separated from a wound tress of hair by means of a layer of parchment paper 4 waxed to theinner side of said electrode and perforated in register therewith, as at 6.

A layer of absorbent material 8 adapted to be positioned between the inner and outer foil electrodes and in contact therewith and to be moistened with hair waving, electrolytically conducting lotion.

An outer electrode Hi to contact with the outer face of the carrier 8 and to be wrapped about the wound tress of hair to form a tight envelope surrounding the tress.

The inner electrode 2 is formed from a metal which forms a light-colored or white sulfide and is generally a polarizable metal. For this purpose aluminum or zinc may be used.

The outer electrode I0 is formed from a soft metal which is non-polarizable and such metals generally form colored sulfides and are generally of the fourth group. Suitable metals are lead, tin and various alloys thereof.

The absorbent material 8 may be felt, flannel or absorbent material, and the parts may be secured together in proper relation by a line of stitching l2.

The lotion preferably comprises an aqueous As an example of a suitable lotion for use with an aluminum inner electrode and a lead or tin outer electrode, the following may be given:

Water g 388 Ammonium hydroxide 26 B cc 23 Ammonium carbonate g 37 Sodium or ammonium chloride d0 20 Boric acid do 45 To this may be added, suitable hair enriching compounds, oils, etc. as desired.

In use, the heating pad, moistened with a small quantity of the lotion is wrapped about a tres of hair l4 wound on a conventional curling rod' is, and wrapped with porous tape l8, so as to form concentric layers; the paper 4' against the tape l8, then the iriner foil 2, the electrolyte carrier I and finally the outer ioil electrode II.

The inner and outer electrodes are then connected to a source I. oi relatively low voltage alternating current. such as 4 volts, and current is conducted from one electrode to the other through the lotion. The resistance of the lotion to' the electrolytic conduction of current causes the lotion to be heated rapidly to boiling. causing liberation or moist ammonia vapor which passes through perforations I and is condensed on the wound tress oi hair to be permanently waved. This heating action continues for a suiilcient time. flve to iiiteen minutes, depending on the nature of the hair being treated.

As the heating continues, lead is dissolved by the electrolytic action of the lotion thereon and this lead immediately reacts with the chloride in the lotion. The chloride also prevents polariza@ tion 01- the aluminum which would otherwise reduce the current flow. I

The halide in the lotion tends to-attack certain metal curling rods. and to prevent this attack. the curling rods may be covered. where exposed by a small pieceot paper it formed as a part oi. the pad and secured in position by stitching It, or the rods as a whole may be lacquered with a non-sticky. lacquer which is not attacked by the lotion such as a phenolic condensation product lacquer.

s,ors,sso

limited to the speciiic mechanisms shown and described but departures may be made therefrom within the scope oi the accompanying claims without departing from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.

What I claim is: 1

1. An electrolytic heater for use in permanent waving of human hair including in combination a pair of electrodes, one of which is formed from aluminum. and an electrolyte absorbent positioned between said electrodes. said absorbent being moistened with a solution containing hair waving positive ions and halide ions capable of attacking the aluminum. 2. An electrolyticheater for use in permanent waving ot'human hair including in combination a pair oi, electrodes, one 0! which is formed from aluminum. and an electrolyte absorbent positioned between said electrodes. said absorbent being moistened with a solution containing a volatile alkaline base and negative halogen ions.

3. An electrolytic heater for use in permanent waving of human hair including in combination a pairv of electrodes, one of which is formed irom aluminum, and an electrolyte absorbent positioned between said electrodes, said absorbent being moistened with a solution containing ammonium and chloride ions.

' MILTON BURTON. 

